![]() coli population, ST131 is one of the most successful lineages frequently causing UTIs and bloodstream infections (BSIs). coli isolates is common and increases their urovirulence and the development of bacteremia of urinary tract origin. ![]() The presence of multiple bacteriocins in E. They can act by forming a pore in the bacterial membrane, digesting bacterial DNA by their nuclease activity, or by interfering with cell wall synthesis. In contrast, microcins are not inducible by the SOS system and are not toxic to producer strains. The operon is activated by the SOS system. Colicin genes are mostly located in operons, also containing the colicin immunity gene, important for neutralizing its toxic effect on the producer strain, and the lysis gene required for colicin release. Colicins and microcins are the types of bacteriocins most often found in pathogenic and in approximately 30% of commensal E. Although not required for growth, they help to outcompete other microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) for the limiting nutrients in the environment. coli is the production of bacteriocins, a group of antibacterial peptides often encoded by genes located on plasmids and able to kill normally closely related surrounding bacteria. They carry a high number of virulence factors such as adhesins, fimbriae, hemolysins, aerobactin and others that allow these bacteria to live in the human gut but also, to cause infections at other sites. coli (UPEC) pathotype, is often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Pathogenic Extraintestinal Escherichia coli (ExPEC), including the uropathogenic E. In summary, plasmids harboring bacteriocins give additional advantages for highly virulent and resistant ST131 isolates, improving the ability of these isolates to compete with other microbiota for a niche and thereby increasing the risk of infection. Bacteriocin-producing isolates from both ST131 and non-ST131 lineages were able to inhibit the growth of other E. However, a statistically significantly difference was found in adhesion and invasion ability. ![]() No difference in transmission range was found between transformant and wild-type strains. To investigate if the potential transmission range of the colicin E1 plasmid is influenced by the presence of a resistance gene, we constructed a strain containing a plasmid which had both the colicin E1 and bla CMY-2 genes. Colicins Ia, Ib and E1, and microcin V, were identified among plasmids that also contained resistance and virulence genes. Here, we characterized bacteriocin-encoding plasmids found in ST131 isolates of patients suffering from a UTI using both short- and long-read sequencing. Bacteriocins play an important role to outcompete other microorganisms present in the human gut. They are often associated with complicated infections, particularly urinary tract infections (UTIs). Escherichia coli ST131 is a clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistant profile and successful global spread. ![]()
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